(a) Report required
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter through January 1, 2028, the Commander, United States European Command shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on each of the following:
An evaluation of allied progress on meeting the 5 percent defense investment commitment agreed to at the 2025 Summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in The Hague.
An evaluation of allied progress on implementing NATO capability targets and any priority capability shortfalls.
A list of critical capabilities required to execute NATO’s regional plans that are largely or wholly provided by the United States and a description of any European and Canadian allied efforts to develop or procure those or similar capabilities.
A description of United States forces available to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe under the NATO Force Model.
In the first report submitted under this subsection, a description of any changes to the United States forces available to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe under the NATO Force Model in the previous year.
In the subsequent reports submitted under this subsection, a description of any changes to the United States forces available to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe under the NATO Force Model in the preceding 90-day period.
In the case of any changes described pursuant to paragraph (5)—
an assessment of whether Europe has the force structure, readiness levels, and enabling capabilities to assume responsibility for any decreases in United States forces available to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe under the NATO Force Model;
an assessment of the risk such change poses to NATO’s deterrence and defense posture; and
whether modifications to the NATO Defense Planning Process are required, including whether such changes—
alter NATO capability targets or apportionment decisions; or
require updated NATO political guidance at the ministerial or summit level.
An assessment of NATO’s deterrence and defense posture on the alliance’s eastern flank, including—
a description of United States military force posture in each country on the eastern flank, including any changes to United States forces on such flank during the 90-day period preceding the submission of the report;
a description of allied military force posture in each country on the eastern flank;
an evaluation of the capacity of United States and allied forces to reinforce NATO’s eastern flank in the event of a conflict;
an identification of any obstacles that could delay such reinforcement, including the status of prepositioned United States materiel in Europe; and
a description of efforts by the United States and NATO allies to address the obstacles identified pursuant to subparagraph (D).
An assessment of NATO’s deterrence efforts in Romania, including a description and evaluation of—
United States force posture in Romania, including any new rotations to Romania intended to enhance deterrence following the 2025 decision to end the rotational presence of a United States brigade;
consultations with NATO allies regarding efforts to backfill or otherwise mitigate the capability gap resulting from the end the rotational presence of a United States brigade;
NATO Forward Land Forces in Romania;
new or expanded bilateral and multilateral training activities and military exercises conducted to build capacity and improve interoperability among United States forces, Romanian forces, and other NATO allies;
efforts undertaken by the United States, Romania, and other NATO allies to improve critical military infrastructure in Romania, including infrastructure necessary to support collective defense obligations of the alliance and to enable United States contingency operations; and
efforts to support and strengthen the defense industrial base of Romania.
(b) Form
The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.